2. Examples and Recipes¶
If you want more detailed examples than given on this page, please see https://github.com/SethMMorton/natsort/tree/master/test_natsort.
2.1. Basic Usage¶
In the most basic use case, simply import natsorted()
and use
it as you would sorted()
:
>>> a = ['a50', 'a51.', 'a50.4', 'a5.034e1', 'a50.300']
>>> sorted(a)
['a5.034e1', 'a50', 'a50.300', 'a50.4', 'a51.']
>>> from natsort import natsorted, ns
>>> natsorted(a)
['a50', 'a50.300', 'a5.034e1', 'a50.4', 'a51.']
2.2. Sort Version Numbers¶
With default options, natsorted()
will not sort version numbers
well. Version numbers are best sorted by searching for valid unsigned int
literals, not floats. This can be achieved in three ways, as shown below:
>>> a = ['ver-2.9.9a', 'ver-1.11', 'ver-2.9.9b', 'ver-1.11.4', 'ver-1.10.1']
>>> natsorted(a) # This gives incorrect results
['ver-2.9.9a', 'ver-2.9.9b', 'ver-1.11', 'ver-1.11.4', 'ver-1.10.1']
>>> natsorted(a, alg=ns.INT | ns.UNSIGNED)
['ver-1.10.1', 'ver-1.11', 'ver-1.11.4', 'ver-2.9.9a', 'ver-2.9.9b']
>>> natsorted(a, alg=ns.VERSION)
['ver-1.10.1', 'ver-1.11', 'ver-1.11.4', 'ver-2.9.9a', 'ver-2.9.9b']
>>> from natsort import versorted
>>> versorted(a)
['ver-1.10.1', 'ver-1.11', 'ver-1.11.4', 'ver-2.9.9a', 'ver-2.9.9b']
You can see that alg=ns.VERSION
is a shortcut for
alg=ns.INT | ns.UNSIGNED
, and the versorted()
is a shortcut for
natsorted(alg=ns.VERSION)
. The recommend manner to sort version
numbers is to use versorted()
.
2.2.1. Sorting with Alpha, Beta, and Release Candidates¶
By default, if you wish to sort versions with a non-strict versioning scheme, you may not get the results you expect:
>>> a = ['1.2', '1.2rc1', '1.2beta2', '1.2beta1', '1.2alpha', '1.2.1', '1.1', '1.3']
>>> versorted(a)
['1.1', '1.2', '1.2.1', '1.2alpha', '1.2beta1', '1.2beta2', '1.2rc1', '1.3']
To make the ‘1.2’ pre-releases come before ‘1.2.1’, you need to use the following recipe:
>>> versorted(a, key=lambda x: x.replace('.', '~'))
['1.1', '1.2', '1.2alpha', '1.2beta1', '1.2beta2', '1.2rc1', '1.2.1', '1.3']
If you also want ‘1.2’ after all the alpha, beta, and rc candidates, you can modify the above recipe:
>>> versorted(a, key=lambda x: x.replace('.', '~')+'z')
['1.1', '1.2alpha', '1.2beta1', '1.2beta2', '1.2rc1', '1.2', '1.2.1', '1.3']
Please see this issue to see why this works.
2.3. Sort OS-Generated Paths¶
In some cases when sorting file paths with OS-Generated names, the default
natsorted
algorithm may not be sufficient. In cases like these,
you may need to use the ns.PATH
option:
>>> a = ['./folder/file (1).txt',
... './folder/file.txt',
... './folder (1)/file.txt',
... './folder (10)/file.txt']
>>> natsorted(a)
['./folder (1)/file.txt', './folder (10)/file.txt', './folder/file (1).txt', './folder/file.txt']
>>> natsorted(a, alg=ns.PATH)
['./folder/file.txt', './folder/file (1).txt', './folder (1)/file.txt', './folder (10)/file.txt']
2.4. Locale-Aware Sorting (Human Sorting)¶
You can instruct natsort
to use locale-aware sorting with the
ns.LOCALE
option. In addition to making this understand non-ASCII
characters, it will also properly interpret non-‘.’ decimal separators
and also properly order case. It may be more convenient to just use
the humansorted()
function:
>>> from natsort import humansorted
>>> import locale
>>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'en_US.UTF-8')
'en_US.UTF-8'
>>> a = ['Apple', 'corn', 'Corn', 'Banana', 'apple', 'banana']
>>> natsorted(a, alg=ns.LOCALE)
['apple', 'Apple', 'banana', 'Banana', 'corn', 'Corn']
>>> humansorted(a)
['apple', 'Apple', 'banana', 'Banana', 'corn', 'Corn']
You may find that if you do not explicitly set the locale your results may not be as you expect... I have found that it depends on the system you are on. If you use PyICU (see below) then you should not need to do this.
2.4.1. A Note For Bugs With Locale-Aware Sorting¶
If you find that ns.LOCALE
(or humansorted()
) does not give
the results you expect, before filing a bug report please try to first install
PyICU. There are some known bugs
with the locale module from the standard library that are solved when
using PyICU.
2.5. Controlling Case When Sorting¶
For non-numbers, by default natsort
used ordinal sorting (i.e.
it sorts by the character’s value in the ASCII table). For example:
>>> a = ['Apple', 'corn', 'Corn', 'Banana', 'apple', 'banana']
>>> natsorted(a)
['Apple', 'Banana', 'Corn', 'apple', 'banana', 'corn']
There are times when you wish to ignore the case when sorting,
you can easily do this with the ns.IGNORECASE
option:
>>> natsorted(a, alg=ns.IGNORECASE)
['Apple', 'apple', 'Banana', 'banana', 'corn', 'Corn']
Note thats since Python’s sorting is stable, the order of equivalent elements after lowering the case is the same order they appear in the original list.
Upper-case letters appear first in the ASCII table, but many natural
sorting methods place lower-case first. To do this, use
ns.LOWERCASEFIRST
:
>>> natsorted(a, alg=ns.LOWERCASEFIRST)
['apple', 'banana', 'corn', 'Apple', 'Banana', 'Corn']
It may be undesirable to have the upper-case letters grouped together
and the lower-case letters grouped together; most would expect all
“a”s to bet together regardless of case, and all “b”s, and so on. To
achieve this, use ns.GROUPLETTERS
:
>>> natsorted(a, alg=ns.GROUPLETTERS)
['Apple', 'apple', 'Banana', 'banana', 'Corn', 'corn']
You might combine this with ns.LOWERCASEFIRST
to get what most
would expect to be “natural” sorting:
>>> natsorted(a, alg=ns.G | ns.LF)
['apple', 'Apple', 'banana', 'Banana', 'corn', 'Corn']
2.6. Customizing Float Definition¶
By default natsorted()
searches for any float that would be
a valid Python float literal, such as 5, 0.4, -4.78, +4.2E-34, etc.
Perhaps you don’t want to search for signed numbers, or you don’t
want to search for exponential notation, the ns.UNSIGNED
and
ns.NOEXP
options allow you to do this:
>>> a = ['a50', 'a51.', 'a+50.4', 'a5.034e1', 'a+50.300']
>>> natsorted(a)
['a50', 'a+50.300', 'a5.034e1', 'a+50.4', 'a51.']
>>> natsorted(a, alg=ns.UNSIGNED)
['a50', 'a5.034e1', 'a51.', 'a+50.300', 'a+50.4']
>>> natsorted(a, alg=ns.NOEXP)
['a5.034e1', 'a50', 'a+50.300', 'a+50.4', 'a51.']
2.7. Using a Custom Sorting Key¶
Like the built-in sorted
function, natsorted
can accept a custom
sort key so that:
>>> from operator import attrgetter, itemgetter
>>> a = [['a', 'num4'], ['b', 'num8'], ['c', 'num2']]
>>> natsorted(a, key=itemgetter(1))
[['c', 'num2'], ['a', 'num4'], ['b', 'num8']]
>>> class Foo:
... def __init__(self, bar):
... self.bar = bar
... def __repr__(self):
... return "Foo('{0}')".format(self.bar)
>>> b = [Foo('num3'), Foo('num5'), Foo('num2')]
>>> natsorted(b, key=attrgetter('bar'))
[Foo('num2'), Foo('num3'), Foo('num5')]
2.8. Generating a Natsort Key¶
If you need to sort a list in-place, you cannot use natsorted()
; you
need to pass a key to the list.sort()
method. The function
natsort_keygen()
is a convenient way to generate these keys for you:
>>> from natsort import natsort_keygen
>>> a = ['a50', 'a51.', 'a50.4', 'a5.034e1', 'a50.300']
>>> natsort_key = natsort_keygen()
>>> a.sort(key=natsort_key)
>>> a
['a50', 'a50.300', 'a5.034e1', 'a50.4', 'a51.']
>>> versort_key = natsort_keygen(alg=ns.VERSION)
>>> a = ['ver-2.9.9a', 'ver-1.11', 'ver-2.9.9b', 'ver-1.11.4', 'ver-1.10.1']
>>> a.sort(key=versort_key)
>>> a
['ver-1.10.1', 'ver-1.11', 'ver-1.11.4', 'ver-2.9.9a', 'ver-2.9.9b']
natsort_keygen()
has the same API as natsorted()
(minus the
reverse option).
2.9. Sorting Multiple Lists According to a Single List¶
Sometimes you have multiple lists, and you want to sort one of those
lists and reorder the other lists according to how the first was sorted.
To achieve this you would use the index_natsorted()
or
index_versorted()
in combination with the convenience function
order_by_index()
:
>>> from natsort import index_natsorted, order_by_index
>>> a = ['a2', 'a9', 'a1', 'a4', 'a10']
>>> b = [4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
>>> c = ['hi', 'lo', 'ah', 'do', 'up']
>>> index = index_natsorted(a)
>>> order_by_index(a, index)
['a1', 'a2', 'a4', 'a9', 'a10']
>>> order_by_index(b, index)
[6, 4, 7, 5, 8]
>>> order_by_index(c, index)
['ah', 'hi', 'do', 'lo', 'up']